A Movie Review on “El Presidente” Essay

E. Own Synopsis The story is told in flashbacks as Emilio Aguinaldo thanks the US government for allowing him the chance to go to the full reclamation of Philippine autonomy on July 4, 1946. The film starts with his catch by Philippine and US powers under Frederick Funston’s order in 1901, at that point flashes back to 1886, when an elderly person gives Aguinaldo and beloved companion Candido Tirona obscure predictions. After ten years, Aguinaldo is enlisted into the Katipunan and later accept initiative of its Cavite section while turning out to be city hall leader of Cavite El Viejo. At the point when inconvenience breaks out in Manila in late August 1896, Aguinaldo attempts to guarantee the Spanish common administration of non-obstruction and clandestinely marshals his powers regardless of an absence of weapons. Discovering that the Spanish for the most part put their powers in Manila, Aguinaldo at last assembles his soldiers and take the battle to Spanish soldiers in Cavite. As the revolu tionaries make strides in Cavite and a few territories, its Magdalo and Magdiwang groups gather to choose a temporary government. Andres Bonifacio directs the Tejeros Convention, which chooses Aguinaldo as president, Mariano Trias as VP, and himself as inside priest. He storms out of the show when Daniel Tirona articles to his political race. Aguinaldo’s sibling Crispulo educates him regarding his promotion and persuades him to leave his soldiers similarly as he was looking to shield against the Spaniards at Pasong Santol. The dissidents are vanquished and Crispulo is slaughtered. Then, an upset Bonifacio sets up his own progressive government and is later captured. Aguinaldo is worried about Bonifacio’s activities and needed him ousted, yet the War Council prompts his execution. A while later, Aguinaldo leaves Cavite with the greater part of his powers flawless and makes it to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan, where he signs the Pact of Biak-na-Bato and heads for Hong Kong. There he meets with US authorities who approach him with offers of help and acknowledgment of another Philippine Republic in the midst of the Spanish-American War. Aguinaldo comes back to the Philippines and officially proclaims autonomy from Spain. As the Malolos Congress gathers, Felipe Agoncillo attempts to speak to the new country at the Treaty of Paris exchanges, yet gets stonewalled every step of the way even as US powers progressively show up in the Philippines. The Philippine-American War breaks out in February 1899 and Antonio Luna is designated authority of every single Filipino troop. He is killed three months after the fact and the Filipino soldiers are bit by bit directed by the Americans. Thus, Aguinaldo’s powers travel all over northern Luzon to get away from the Americans. General Gregorio del Pilar volunteers to lead a few soldiers in holding them off at Tirad Pass and purchase Aguinaldo time to escape. His reliable dispatch is later caught by the Americans while getting some medication for his child. Presently mindful of Aguinaldo’s alcove, Funston plans his catch. Having been made to acknowledge US rule over the Philippines, Aguinaldo carries on with a tranquil life, which is defaced by Hilaria’s going in 1921. He meets and weds Felipe Agoncillo’s niece Maria in 1930. Throughout the following not many decades, the couple observer Philippine history unfurl again as he is crushed in the 1935 presidential decisions, Japanese occupation and the reclamation of full freedom. In 1962, an old Aguinaldo and his significant other solace each other over President Diosdado Macapagal’s announcement to reestablish the real date of the Philippine revelation of freedom. In his last hours, a similar lady who gave him his prediction appears to him once again. F. Censure on the accompanying I. Story and Theme El Presidente is a Historical Film wherein the life of Emilio Aguinaldo is depicted from the Spanish Era, until the Philippine Independence. II. Screenplay The screenwriters embedded some Spanish Dialogs, English, and Filipino in the content. Also, I was malcontented with the screenplay itself. I didn’t like the exchanges particularly when Baron Geisler who depicted as a Spanish authority conversed with Emilio Aguinaldo in Spanish saying that he doesn’t get Filipino, yet then out of nowhere he got it. That is only a case of the absence of coherence of the content. III. Heading The Director in this film made a better than average showing of depicting the life of Emilio Aguinaldo. I said better than average since I was very frustrated with the manner in which the film played out. I expected such a great amount from this film, however in each scene, I don’t know whether the chief neglected it, yet I truly am unhappy with each scene. IV. Cinematography The Cinematography was acceptable as far as depicting the best possible scenes however in the battle scenes, the cinematography was very missing for the entertainers weren’t appeared in a wide range of edges. V. Altering The altering from the beginning is very acceptable yet I didn’t like the altering on the war scenes. I didn’t like the altering since you can see that a portion of the battle scene was either quick forward or in moderate movement. In light of that, the battle scene was disappointed for me on the grounds that the sentiment of power in a battle scene isn’t very felt by me. VI. Acting From the throwing, to the acting, to the ensemble, I didn’t like it. Bayani Agbayani and Bearwin Meily are acceptable entertainers for me. In any case, here in this film where it is kind of chronicled and more on dramatization, they didn’t fit the jobs and furthermore there are likewise some cast in which I didn’t like. I likewise didn’t like the outfit of some craftsman, particularly the phony mustache of a portion of the on-screen characters. I additionally didn’t like the acting of Jorge Estregan as Emilio Aguinaldo in light of the fact that he is by all accounts ailing in outward appearance and sooner or later excessively exaggerated. VII. Discoursed The exchanges were acceptable however they could in any case improve. The consistency of the exchanges structure Spanish to Filipino were missing simply like my announcement on the Screenplay. VIII. Soundtrack The soundtrack of El Presidente is no uncertainty engaging and great that is the reason it won a portion of the honors regarding signature tune. IX. Enhanced visualizations We preferred the special visualizations of the film on the grounds that it’s basic and sensible X. Ensemble and make-up The ensemble is by all accounts bravo depicts the chronicled foundation of our nation. G. Extra notes to consider I. Fascinating Facts about the creation of the film * Judy Ann Santos was at first offered to play Hilaria Del Rosario. She wouldn't acknowledge the film saying she can’t identify with the character since she doesn’t know Hilaria actually. * Tikoy Aguiluz pulled out of coordinating this film after a misconception with Jorge Estregan over Manila Kingpin: The Asiong Salonga Story. ii. Spending plan and film industry execution Film industry: P872,972 (fractional Manila) iii. Grants and praises * Youth Choice Award: â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Sound: Michael Idioma, â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Musical Score: Jessie Lazatin, â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Theme Song: apl.de.ap and Jamir Garcia, â€Å"El Presidente† * Best Make-up: Warren Munar, â€Å"El Presidente† by Warren Munar and organization. * Best Supporting Actor: Cesar Montano, â€Å"El Presidente† * second Best Picture: â€Å"El Presidente† iv. Social, political, or potentially recorded setting for the film The film is mostly founded on Aguinaldo’s Memoirs of the Revolution. Author executive Mark Meily expresses that the venture had its beginning in 1998. Over the mediating years, cautious research was made so as to precisely depict Aguinaldo’s life, particularly realities that have been bypassed in history books. These incorporate his direct over the preliminary of the Bonifacio siblings and his different activities during the Revolution. Meily himself was brought into the venture as executive after Ejercito vowed never to work with unique chief Tikoy Aguiluz on account of their break over altering Manila Kingpin. Shooting occurred more than 43 days at select areas in Cavite, Laguna, and Bulacan, with the Las Casas Filipinas de Azucar in Bataan filling in for urban scenes v. The thing others have said about the film * The Philippines’ Cinema Evaluation Board reviewed the film at A. * Phillip Cu-Unjieng of the Philippine Star said it â€Å"vividly recaptures† one of the Philippines’ most violent periods in history by uncovering the infighting among the Katipunan’s individuals and how Aguinaldo needed to determine them. He noticed that the film’s quality makes it nearly stand apart as much as Richard Attenborough’s Gandhi, Steven Spielberg’s Lincoln, and Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator. * Philibert Ortiz-Dy said making the film was dubious, yet hauled towards the end. * The film collected the majority of the honors at the 2012 Metro Manila Film Festival, winning the plums for Second Best Picture, Best Supporting Actor (Cesar Montano), Youth Choice Award, Best Float, Best Sound, Best Musical Score, and Best Make-up. * Columnist and radio show have Jessica Zafra, be that as it may, was reproachful of the movie’s treatment. She said the delineation of Bonifacio’s demise brought up issues about its legitimacy. She included that the film itself â€Å"does Emilio Aguinaldo an injury by depicting him as a casualty of circumstance† and even featured the â€Å"amnesia† pervasive among contemporary Filipinos. H. Qualities and Relevance The film was all the more a recorded valuation for our past saints. The film instructed us that our Filipino saints battled for our opportunity in this manner we ought to value it. I. By and large examination By and large the film is beneficial for it portrays the life of our national saints. In spite of the fact that the film is by all accounts an inclination with respect to Emilio Aguinaldo in light of the fact that the passing of Andres Bonifacio and Antonio Luna were diverse on the history books. From the acting to everything, it is a g

Learn About Thermal Inversion

Find out About Thermal Inversion Temperature reversal layers likewise called warm reversals or just reversal layers, are territories where the typical reduction in air temperature with expanding elevation is turned around and air over the ground is hotter than the air underneath it. Reversal layers can happen anyplace from near ground level up to a large number of feet into the air. Reversal layers are huge to meteorology since they square air stream which causes the air over a zone encountering a reversal to get steady. This would then be able to bring about different kinds of climate designs. All the more significantly, however, regions with overwhelming contamination are inclined to unfortunate air and an expansion in exhaust cloud when a reversal is available on the grounds that they trap poisons at ground level as opposed to flowing them away. Reasons for Temperature Inversions Ordinarily, air temperature diminishes at a pace of 3.5Â °F for each 1000 feet (or generally 6.4Â °C for each kilometer) you move into the climate. At the point when this ordinary cycle is available, it is viewed as a precarious air mass and air continually stream between the warm and cool territories. As such the air is better ready to blend and spread around toxins. During a reversal scene, temperatures increment with expanding elevation. The warm reversal layer at that point goes about as a top and stops environmental blending. This is the reason reversal layers are called stable air masses. Temperature reversals are a consequence of other climate conditions in a region. They happen regularly when a warm, less thick air mass moves over a thick, chilly air mass. This can occur for instance when the air close to the ground quickly loses its warmth on a crisp evening. In this circumstance, the ground becomes cooled rapidly while the air above it holds the warmth the ground was holding during the day. Moreover, temperature reversals happen in some beach front territories on the grounds that upwelling of cold water can diminish surface air temperature and the virus air mass remains under hotter ones. Geography can likewise assume a job in making a temperature reversal since it can some of the time cause cold air to spill out of mountain tops down into valleys. This virus air at that point pushes under the hotter air ascending from the valley, making the reversal. Moreover, reversals can likewise frame in territories with noteworthy snow spread on the grounds that the snow at ground level is cold and its white shading reflects practically all warmth coming in. Hence, the air over the snow is regularly hotter in light of the fact that it holds the reflected vitality. Outcomes of Temperature Inversions Probably the most huge outcomes of temperature reversals are the extraordinary climate conditions they can in some cases make. One case of these is freezing precipitation. This wonder creates with a temperature reversal in a cool region since snow liquefies as it travels through the warm reversal layer. The precipitation at that point keeps on falling and goes through the virus layer of air close to the ground. At the point when it travels through this last virus air mass it turns out to be super (cooled beneath freezing without getting strong). The supercooled drops at that point become ice when they land on things like vehicles and trees and the outcome is freezing precipitation or an ice storm. Exceptional tempests and tornadoes are likewise connected with reversals as a result of the serious vitality that is discharged after a reversal obstructs an area’s ordinary convection designs. Brown haze Despite the fact that freezing precipitation, tempests, and tornadoes are huge climate occasions, one of the most significant things affected by a reversal layer is brown haze. This is the earthy dim murkiness that covers a considerable lot of the world’s biggest urban communities and is an aftereffect of residue, auto fumes, and modern assembling. Brown haze is affected by the reversal layer since it is fundamentally, topped when the warm air mass moves over a region. This happens on the grounds that the hotter air layer sits over a city and forestalls the typical blending of cooler, denser air. The air rather turns out to be still and after some time the absence of blending makes poisons become caught under the reversal, creating critical measures of exhaust cloud. During serious reversals that keep going over significant stretches, brown haze can cover whole metropolitan regions and cause respiratory issues for the occupants of those territories. In December 1952, for instance, such a reversal happened in London. Due to the cool December climate at that point, Londoners started to consume more coal, which expanded air contamination in the city. Since the reversal was available over the city simultaneously, these toxins became caught and expanded London’s air contamination. The outcome was the Great Smog of 1952 that was accused for a huge number of passings. Like London, Mexico City has likewise experienced issues with brown haze that have been exacerbated by the nearness of a reversal layer. This city is notorious for its poor air quality however these conditions are compounded when warm sub-tropical high-pressure frameworks move over the city and trap air in the Valley of Mexico. At the point when these weight frameworks trap the valley’s air, poisons are likewise caught and exceptional exhaust cloud creates. Since 2000, Mexicos government has built up a ten-year plan planned for diminishing ozone and particulates discharged into the air over the city. London’s Great Smog and Mexico’s comparable issues are extraordinary instances of exhaust cloud being affected by the nearness of a reversal layer. This is an issue everywhere throughout the world however and urban areas like Los Angeles, California; Mumbai, India; Santiago, Chile; and Tehran, Iran, habitually experience exceptional brown haze when a reversal layer creates over them. Along these lines, a significant number of these urban communities and others are attempting to lessen their air contamination. To benefit as much as possible from these progressions and to lessen exhaust cloud within the sight of a temperature reversal, it’s critical to initially see all parts of this marvel, making it a significant segment of the investigation of meteorology, a noteworthy sub-field inside topography.

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Trans Lunar Phenomena

Sample TOEFL Integrated Essay Trans Lunar Phenomena Sample TOEFL Integrated EssayThe QuestionThis integrated question is taken from aKorean textbookwhich you probably wont be able to find. Sadly, I am unable to provide the lecture and reading here for you, but if you need some practice tests I strongly recommend buying the new version of theOfficial TOEFL iBT Tests Collection. Its an excellent source of practice questions!.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this page. This service is a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the big day. Sign up today.The Sample Essay The reading and the lecture are both about transient lunar phenomena (TLP), which are short color changes that are occasionally seen on the surface of the moon. The reading presents three possible explanations for this phenomenon, but the lecturer feels that none of these explanations are plausible. To begin with, the aut hor suggests that the TLP are caused by gas found beneath the moon’s surface which is sometimes ejected into the atmosphere. It is argued that this theory is supported by the fact that TLPs are often seen near craters which the gas can escape from. The lecturer casts doubt on this claim. He says that it is just a coincidence that the TLPs are seen near craters, which are the most common feature of the moon. He observes that a NASA probe which detected gas near a major crater might have only found a small amount of it. Secondly, the author observes that the TLPS might just be bright clouds of dust floating above the surface of the moon. It is mentioned that this dust can reflect light, leading to the observed phenomenon. The lecturer, in contrast, says that dust clouds would have to be massive in order to be observed from Earth. However, there is no evidence of a large amount of dust on the moon. Thirdly, the author posts that TLPs might be a product of solar radiation. The article notes that magnetic storms occurring on the sun release radiation which might illuminate certain sections of the lunar landscape. The lecturer challenges this assertion. He points out that the dates when TLPs have been observed do not match the dates of known solar flares. He observes that for the most part, there is no relationship between these two events.NoteThis is a sample TOEFL integrated essay written by a native speaker. It follows our master guide for TOEFL integrated essays. If you find it useful, please remember that we have many more sample essaysfor you to read!

Critically Assess The Effects Of Corporate Separate Personality - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1171 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Critical essay Level High school Did you like this example? Critically assess the effects of corporate separate personality. The fundamental concept of corporate separate personality recognises that a company, once incorporated, becomes a ‘body corporate, i.e. a legal entity distinct from its members and officers. The various effects of corporate separate personality shall be dealt with in turn. 1) Distinct legal identity from its members One of the most significant effects of corporate separate personality is that the company assumes a separate identity from that of its members. Even if a company is owned outright by one shareholder, the company has a completely separate personality from that individual. This is confirmed by the leading case of Salomon v A. Salomon Co Ltd in which the House of Lords held that the companys acts were its own acts, not those of Mr Salomon personally. As a result, Mr Salomon was not personally liable for his companys debts. It is worth noting, however, that the Court did recognise that there would be situations in which they would be prepared to move away from that principle and ‘lift the veil of incorporation and find individuals liable where they had acted dishonestly, fraudulently or unreasonably. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critically Assess The Effects Of Corporate Separate Personality" essay for you Create order 2) Limited liability Due to the fact that the company is a separate legal individual, it follows that its members will not generally be liable for its debts and obligations. This gives the shareholders a great level of security, since it means that they are able to profit from the successes of the company whilst being safe in the knowledge that their personal liability is limited to the value of the shares they have purchased. However it should be noted that those members who participate in the management of the company will not necessarily be protected from personal liability. In addition, the concept of limited liability may not be attractive to potential creditors who may require additional security for their loan. 3) Ownership of Property Where a company holds property in its own name, this belongs solely the company and the shareholders have no proprietary rights (other than for the value of the shares they hold). This gives shareholders and employees more security than if a director chose to leave his position and was able to enforce a sale and division of any company property or assets he owned. This position therefore makes the shareholders investments more attractive and secure. However, this may be to the detriment of a trader who owned the company property before incorporation but failed to subsequently assign the insurance policies to the company. This was illustrated in Macaura v Northern Assurance Co wherein Mr Macaura had insured timber under his own name and this was then destroyed by a fire. The insurance company refused to pay out on Mr Macauras claim, stating that he had no insurable interest in the timber as it was owned by the company. In the same way, a parent company does not have an insurab le interest in its subsidiary companies, even where they are wholly owned by it. 3) Transferable shares and transparency The fact that a company is legally separate from its members facilitates the transfer of shares. The issue of shares is regarded as a fundamental means of raising capital for the company (although smaller traders are often attracted by the concept of incorporation merely as a means to protect themselves from potential unlimited liability). The exchange of shares on the open market also leads to transparency since it acts as an incentive for management to conduct the business in a reasonable manner. This transparency enables greater scrutiny by outsiders of the companys affairs and reduces the opportunity for fraudulent behaviour, thereby improving the marketability of the shares. It also means that investors are able to obtain the requisite information they need in order to evaluate the company before entering into business transactions. From the companys point of view, however, this transparency can often lead to disclosure of information that they would have preferred to wi thhold and put them in a more vulnerable position with competitors. 4) Ability to sue and liability to be sued The main benefit to traders of incorporation is the concept of limited liability; however, this can act to the detriment of third party creditors who enter into transactions with the company. Whilst the creditors will be able to sue the company itself, they may not be able to recover their money if the company is insolvent. It should be noted also that a company is able to sue its debtors for non-payment. So it is a legal individual that can both sue and be sued. 5) Perpetual succession After being legally created by incorporation, a company can only subsequently be terminated by the law. Unlike people, companies are immortal and will continue to exist after the exit or death of its members by the process of perpetual succession. Obviously a reduction in the number of members (particularly if they owned a substantial shareholding) may affect the company in terms of morale, profit levels, functioning, etc, but the actual company itself will remain in existence. The only manner in which a member is able to realise the value of his shares upon leaving the company is by selling them to another individual – there is no entitlement to be bought out by the firm. Regardless of whether an individuals shares are sold (or, if he died, then left to another in his will), this will not affect the company itself. Shareholders of the company are merely agents of the company; they can come and go without affecting the companys existence. Therefore, it is easier and po tentially less damaging to remove a fraudulent or disreputable director from a company than a partnership (where that individual would be able to jeopardise the business by taking with him any assets or capital that he owned). There is also greater security for employees since they will not be at risk of losing their jobs due to the death of their employer, as the company will continue to exist. The benefits of incorporation to a sole trader or small partnership are obvious. The company will have greater access to capital, thereby increasing the businesss chances of prosperity. In conclusion, the effects of corporate separate personality are far-reaching. A company is regarded as a legal entity in its own right and, as such, its members have limited liability for its debts and obligations. The company is able to own property in its own name and issue shares to raise capital. It is able to sue debtors and similarly be sued by its creditors. Finally, a fundamental characte ristic of corporate separate personality is that of perpetual succession, which results in a continuation of the companys existence regardless of its members. BIBLIOGRAPHY Birds, J. Boyle, A. – â€Å"Boyle and Birds Company Law†; Jordans Ltd; 6th Revised Edition; (2007) Davies, P. L. â€Å"Principles of Modern Company Law†; Sweet and Maxwell; 7th Edition; (2003) Digman, A. Lowry, J. – â€Å"Company Law†; Oxford University Press; 4th Edition; (2006) Keenan, D Bisacre, J.- â€Å"Smith Keenans Company Law†; Longman; 13th Edition; (2005)

Diversity in Colleges Essay - 2682 Words

Traditional Diversity At UC-Berkeley, the course description for Politics and Poetics (Fall Course 2002) stated that conservative thinkers are encouraged to seek other sections. (SAF 1). Though the instructor later apologized for the description, this is the sort of encouragement conservative-minded students are greeted with many times during their college experience. It is said that in class, students are taught that their country -- and Western culture in general -- is tainted by racism, sexism, and oppression (Stearn 2). Outside class, students are forced into consciousness-raising exercises that heighten tensions and bolster radical pressure groups (Stearn 2). For example, at Brown University, an organized coalition of†¦show more content†¦The hope for cultural improvement in problem areas, even on a global scale, lies primarily in the critical forums of our nations classrooms, where young, motivated minds are preparing to jump into the world with both feet. Because academic success is measured not only by what is learned, but also by what is taught, it is imperative that all perspectives be provided (Fish 3). Intellectual diversity is used to describe those differing perspectives. Once used to portray an educational tradition that celebrates and nurtures human freedom, it is now used to name exactly what is lacking in Liberal Arts programs today. Further immersed in this controversy, the word liberal in liberal arts has been embraced by both ends of the political spectrum, and can scarcely be uttered without turning the conversation into a verbal duel between conservative reformists on one side, and liberal traditionalist on the other. However clear we present the term, the thrust and parry continues as the nations leading academia and political activists attempt to separate liberal education from an education that indoctrinates students in the values of political liberalism (Horowitz, In Defense, 3). For the sake of clarity, two distinct sides prevail within our higher education system today. Although the terms â€Å"Republican† and â€Å"Democrat† (referred to herein in as liberal and conservative) may seem inappropriate in the context of academic pursuits, they serve an advantage hereShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Diversity On College Campuses959 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity on college campuses has increased, which has let people assume that racism decreased and acceptance expanded gradually, however minorities still face prejudice and discrimination. Harvard University presented a research where they gathered college students from 4 particular public universities and questioned them about the social behavior they have experienced or witnessed. In the contrary, they discovered that college students have encountered racist comments or negative facial expressionsRead MoreSocioeconomic Diversity Of Colleges And Universities Essay1830 Words   |  8 Pagestheir stu dent body. 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Use Of Web Technologies In Education Education Essay Free Essays

The purpose of this essay is to research the possible usage of web 2.0 engineerings as a larning tool in higher instruction, to set up what schemes should be used to maximise the possible benefits of web 2.0. We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of Web Technologies In Education Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will analyze some instances to analyse the web 2.0 schemes which have been taken in instruction and acquisition. In peculiar, I will turn to the strategic deductions of web 2.0 engineerings in back uping pupil acquisition. Introduction The nature of instruction and acquisition has ever been linked with the nature of the engineering used in any historical period. In the age of orality or pre authorship, instruction was preponderantly unwritten and address was the lone manner of communicating. As people moved from orality to composing civilization, their thought created civilizations with alone features that were different from orality civilization ( Ong 1982 ) .In the age of print civilization, cognition was obtained and disseminated easy utilizing engineering. The handiness of information in the print civilization has led to progresss in topics such as scientific discipline as bookmans were able to portion their information.The technological developments of the industrial revolution besides changed the creative activity and airing of cognition as instructors used the printed stuffs and text editions to reassign cognition and information to a group of scholars. Ong ( 1982 ) separate the primary unwritten civilizatio n ( public communicating and speaking ) from ‘secondary ‘ orality civilization which developed by communicating media such as Radio which accentnate sound. The secondary orality includes elements from both the authorship and the orality civilization. He states that secondary orality civilization are empathic, foster a strong sense of rank in a group, and unite people in groups whereas composing promotes distance between readers and writers. Therefore, secondary orality is a societal manner of understanding the sentiments of others through duologue and edifice relationships which are different from print civilization which isolates people. A theoretical account of secondary orality can be presented in instruction and larning utilizing web 2.0 tools.This provides chance to incorporate some facets of authorship and unwritten features utilizing web 2.0 technologies.Web 2.0 engineerings have many features of secondary orality which includes the treatments about the subjects o f concerns which are close to the human life and through duologue and interactions pupils and instructors are able to portion their sentiments.For illustration, Downes ( 2004 ) implemented web 2.0 schemes to advance communicating and sharing cognition among pupils. He integrated some facets of authorship and unwritten features in his instruction through web logs and supply chances for pupils to non merely use information but besides create and portion content. First, he created a web log to print information and supply resources for pupils which are similar to textbooks that have authorization and ownership on printing information ( composing and print civilization ) . Second, he besides used web logs to supply the chance for pupils to discourse about specific subjects and range to collective understanding which is similar to secondary orality civilization in which pupils were able to prosecute in conversation and portion their sentiments. Web 2.0 has the possible to integrate some facets of authorship and orality activities in order to heighten acquisition and instruction However, despite many benefits of web 2.0 in instruction, a figure of surveies provide grounds in which instructors failed to ease active interaction among pupils ( eg Lankshear A ; Knobel,2003 ) . Therefore, it appears apprehensible that successful usage of web 2.0 engineerings require schemes in order to take advantages of these tools. Potential benefits of web 2.0 engineerings McClintock ( 1992, p42 ) argues that the print system has dominated instruction for the past five centuries and the physical nature of books ‘necessarily influences the manner that pedagogues organise education’.Ong ( 1982 ) states that although the instruction has been deeply affected by print civilization but the coming of electronic communicating that introduce a secondary orality have a profound on instruction. Similarly, McLuhan ( 1957 ) argues that the development of communicating tools would transform formal instruction. However, such anticipations about the transmutation potency of engineering have failed to come true. Cuban ( 1993 ) argues that many educational claims were made for each new engineering and later each claim was disproved by new developments. Cuban states that the engineering has been ignored by many instructors despite extended investing in engineering. Furthermore, he provides two grounds why engineering has non changed the instruction. Firse, c ultural beliefs sing instruction and acquisition, 2nd, the print paradigm of the 19th century has shaped the instruction. However, despite important investings in ICT in instruction in last 10 old ages, it had a small impact in educational patterns. This was in portion due to confusion about why we want to utilize ICT, and what we want to accomplish, and how we want to utilize ICT with respect to limitations exists in instruction. As Cloke ( 2001, p8 ) states †teachers are being encouraged to learn old cognition with new engineerings † . However, implementing web 2.0 engineerings require schemes in order to advance instruction and acquisition. Richardson ( 2004 ) implemented web 2.0 schemes in his instruction and acquisition to promote pupils to prosecute in an on-line treatment utilizing web log engineering. He besides provided existent activities in order to advance sharing cognition among pupils and teachers.He invited the parents and writers to portion and take part in the treatment of ‘The Secret Life of Bees ‘ . He found that web logs enable pupils to prosecute in conversat ion, think more critically, reflect on their acquisition and construct their relationships with equals and instructors ( Richardson, 2006 ) . Richardson besides found that web logs helped loath pupils to portion their sentiments in category, and integrated in the acquisition community. Therefore, to advancing communicating and sharing cognition among pupils, instructors need to implement schemes in order to promote pupils to take part in collaborative activities. Lifelong acquisition and web 2.0 engineering The possible benefits of web 2.0 engineerings lie in their capacity to ease coaction, connect instructors, pupils, and experts together to portion their cognition. The European committee ( 2006 ) supply a set of grounds for utilizing information engineering in instruction in a manner that encourage usage of web 2.0 engineerings. They province that the universities need to portion excellence in research and instruction and supply sufficient entree to resources. Web 2.0 engineerings provide the chance for pedagogues to work collaboratively careless of geographical boundaries and supply entree to a huge scope of resources which support life long larning. It besides allows users to work collaboratively and portion their cognition. There is a important accent on educational policy in back uping womb-to-tomb acquisition. Brophy, Craven and fisher ( 1998 ) specify the construct of womb-to-tomb acquisition as follows â€Å" life long acquisition is a deliberate, patterned advance throughout the life of an person, where the initial acquisition of cognition and accomplishments is reviewed and upgraded continuously, to run into challenges set by an of all time altering society † ( p.1 ) . It is hence clear that life long learning requires the development of cognition, accomplishments, and values throughout our life. These accomplishments and competences can be achieved through coaction and sharing our experiences and cognition. Delors ( 1996 ) identified â€Å" four pillars of womb-to-tomb acquisition: acquisition to cognize, larning to make, larning to populate together, and larning to be â€Å" ( p.37 ) . He emphasises on larning to populate together as the foundation of instruction and discourse that by working together we can understand the sentiments of others and portion our jobs and involvements, develop our communicating, societal accomplishments, and critical thought and take the personal duty for our ends and larning. To advance life long acquisition, p upils, and instructors need to hold sufficient and easy entree to resources, being collaborative and being able to build and portion their cognition. Wanger ( 2004 ) argues that there are a demand for cognition creative activity and sharing through duologue with inquiries and replies. Furthermore, he distinguishes between demands of cognition users and cognition Godheads. He demonstrates that in building cognition, users need to happen relevant information, obtain the cognition, and happen good quality of the beginnings. In footings of demands of cognition Godheads. He states that new cognition should be created, collected and disseminated as rapidly possible to work out jobs because cognition alteration quickly. Therefore, web 2.0 have the capacity to make, gaining control and portion our cognition. Will Richardson ( 2006, weblog ) writes: â€Å" The good intelligence for all of us is that today, anyone can go a womb-to-tomb scholar. ( Yes, even you. ) These engineerings are user friendly in a manner that engineerings have non been in the yesteryear. You can be up and blogging in proceedingss, redacting wikis in seconds, doing podcasts in, well, less clip than you ‘d believe. It ‘s non hard at all to be an active subscriber in this society of writing we are constructing†¦ â€Å" ( n.p ) .These surveies indicate that web 2.0 engineering provide chance for people to be womb-to-tomb scholars and maintain up to day of the month with developments in subjects of their involvements. In peculiar, web 2.0 tools can back up larning and professional development in a life long learning by offering entree to a huge assortment of larning content that can supplement initial preparation. Learning is non merely about utilizing new tools to entree information and sharing our cognition, it is besides about utilizing the engineering to develop our acquisition and work out jobs. However, the chief challenge for instruction is non engineering ; it is our cultura l and pedagogical beliefs. The chief biggest challenges in utilizing web 2.0 engineering harmonizing to Becta ‘s web 2.0 researches ( 2008 ) is how to promote pupils to prosecute actively in making and sharing cognition. The undermentioned subdivision provides an overview on web 2.0 schemes which have been taken at universities to ease acquisition. Case surveies and Web 2.0 schemes Franklin and Harmelen ( 2007 ) look into the usage of a scope of societal package tools in higher instruction analyzing the schemes which have been taken in implementing web 2.0 at four UK universities: Warwick, Leeds, Brighton, and Edinburgh.They besides identified several jobs and issues associated with implementing web 2.0 engineerings. The University of Brigton implemented web 2.0 schemes to advance societal and community webs among pupils and instructors. One of the chief findings was that part of professionals to larning and learning were slow. They besides found that there were some inappropriate stations among pupils which have been disappeared due to peer force per unit area. The University of Edinburgh implemented web 2.0 schemes such as â€Å" utilizing web logs and RSS provenders alternatively of newssheets, utilizing societal bookmarking to ease the direction of class cubic decimeter reading lists in a collaborative manner and supplying podcasts as portion of support stuffs â€Å" ( p.12 ) .The university high spots the importance of run intoing demands of pupils instead than choosing best tools. The Warwick University besides implemented web log engineering to heighten instruction and acquisition. One of the chief findings was that web logs have positively changed societal interaction among pupils and staff but instructors were a spot slow on incorporating the tools into their instruction. Some pupils used web log for societal activities and other pupils used web logs for â€Å" academic authorship such as book reviews â€Å" ( P.9 ) .John Dale, Head of IT service in Warwick ‘s university in Guardian article ( 2005 ) states that the intent for implementing web 2.0 tools were ‘self printing for all ‘ . Furthermore, John states that we need to be †open head about web logs.There is tonss of other ways of back uping contemplation and personal development, or community and coaction † ( n.p ) . Therefore, instructors ‘ motive and pedagogical beliefs about the demands of pupils may act upon the manner they choose and design the content. A figur e of surveies have shown that the successful execution of educational engineerings depends on the attitudes of pedagogues, who make up one’s mind how to utilize engineering in their schoolroom. Downes ( 2005 ) as cited in Franklin A ; Harmelen ( 2007 ) states that â€Å" acquisition is characterised non merely by greater liberty for the scholar, but besides a greater accent on active acquisition with creative activity, communicating and engagement playing cardinal functions, and on altering functions for the instructor, so even a prostration of the differentiation between instructors and pupil together † . Therefore, instructors have of import function to supply picks that allow pupils develop their ain involvements. The University of Leeds implemented web 2.0 schemes to in promote instruction and larning.They provide developing Sessionss and workshops for back uping pupils and instructors. This scheme helped instructors to concentrate more on new ways of instruction and presenting information to pupils. It besides helped pupils to go familar with web 2.0 functionality before get downing the class. In a degree class at the section of classics at the University of Leeds, Green ( 2009 ) used the wiki engineering in his ancient Roman faith faculty to affect pupils in the creative activity of the stuffs they study in the schoolroom, and go more active participants in their group undertaking. He was positive about utilizing the wiki in-group undertaking and identified several benefits of utilizing the wiki. These benefits include: edifice a acquisition community ; constructing a deeper apprehension of the class, flexibleness in footings of location in which everyone can work at any clip and any topographic point and easy to put up and run the collaborative undertaking. Of the possible advantages listed supra, the coach considers measuring the single part of pupil in-group undertaking as a job in his faculty. Another job was that the member of the groups had entree to their ain site, and they did non lend to the work of other groups. The coach besides was concerned about plagiarism i n which leting pupils to reexamine the work of other groups may be alluring pupils to take the thoughts of other groups, peculiarly for the Roman Religion undertaking where there was no secondary literature. Web 2.0 engineering demand a alteration in our attitudes toward the content, authorization of beginning and making materials.Web 2.0 engineering is a tool that aid scholars express their thoughts, analyze information, think critically and through these procedure pupils are able to acknowledge undependable information..Web 2.0 provide chance for pupils to portion their sentiments and do determination together about the credibleness of information and right of first publication stuffs.On the other manus, some argue that there is no cardinal editor in printing content in web logs and wikis and therefore they can non be considered believable because it published by people which there are no control over contents ( eg Bolous, 2006 ) . The function of instructors in web 2.0 engineering Augar, N.Raitman, R.Zhou, W ( 2004 ) investigated the ways in which societal package applications used in Deakin University, Australia. The Deakin University adopted the successful iceboat exercising to the wiki engineering to ease communicating and coaction among pupils every bit good as aid pupils to acquire used to the web 2.0 engineering before the collaborative authorship undertakings start. The consequences of a study by Deakin University in 2003 shows that the deficiency of interaction with equals and teachers were the chief jobs in larning online. Therefore, the university implemented web 2.0 schemes to develop societal interaction and collaborative accomplishments among ICT pupils. Augar et Al ( 2004 ) reported that the pupils participated in an iceboat activity and introduced themselves to one another by posting their inquiries and replies. Students shared their thoughts with other groups through duologue with inquiries and reply. The benefits of iceboat activity harmonizing to Augar achieved through the engagement in and usage of wikis.The benefits included interaction and facilitation of communicating with equals and doing the work easily. As discussed by Augar et Al ( 2004 ) , the pupils were more interested in inquiries related to the linguistic communication and the cultural background of one another and from this sharing experience, pupils were able to do new friends. Based on the earlier work of Freire on critical teaching method, Shor ( 1993 ) province that instructors need to `pose jobs derived from pupil life, societal issues, and academic topics, in a reciprocally created dialogueaˆÂ ¦inviting pupils to believe critically about capable matteraˆÂ ¦ the acquisition procedure itself, and their society` ( p.25 ) Therefore, the type of activity is of import to prosecute pupils to join forces with one another. As Bower and Woo ( 2006 ) found, there is a correlativity between the types of activities with collaborative acquisition. Forte and Bruckman ‘s ( 2006 ) findings confirm Bower ‘s research by showing that reliable undertakings are of import in prosecuting pupils to work collaboratively and lend to the work of their peers.Therefore, instructors have of import function to plan activities that encourage coaction and experimentation. The coachs besides took several schemes to guarantee security of the wiki content. First, they set simple usage guidelines within posting page and every times pupils made a station on the wiki, the guidelines appeared on their page. Second, they monitored the wiki entree and redacting content to forestall pupils from posting knowing abuse and omission. The coachs use the wiki engineering for posting stuffs and information and leave messages to assist pupils to read and portion their thoughts. This attack helps to make full the spread of larning between pupils by supplying on-line resources and information. Students need equal information for sharing and edifice cognition ( Wanger 2004 ) . Coachs besides presented themselves socially into group of pupils through posting their images on the wiki sites.This scheme helped pupils to add their image to user page and go more motivated to take part in utilizing wiki technology.The nature of wikis besides provide chance for coachs to supervise how frequently participants see a wiki system, whether they read the information and whether they are lending on a peculiar topic.They besides introduce the regulations for making and redacting content and coaction. Harmonizing to, Johnson and Smith ( 1991 ) , the coachs have of import function in making the class conditions, set uping an online community and engage pupils to be active participants. It is of import that instructors set regulations for illustration, pupil must post their thoughts on the group before the group begin work on a collaborative activity. Johnson farther province that coachs need to supply equal resources and monitor coaction among pupils and give remarks in ord er to steer students.They besides province that quality such as feedback and trust are of import in collaborative activities and promoting pupils to take part. Teachers need schemes to assist scholars to pass on and prosecute more efficaciously with their equals. For illustration instructors need to keep effectual relationships with pupils to prosecute them in coaction and making content. They besides need to affect in treatments with pupils. One of the indispensable function of instructors in the 21 century is to fix scholars to take part in socially organised activities.The function of instructors is of import in order to promote pupils to reflect on their ain and their equals by inquiring inquiries that seek grounds and grounds. Teachers besides need to measure and supervise single pupils and supply feedback to them. Web 2.0 requires new schemes for measuring collaborative acquisition. Teachers besides need to offer pupil a credit/ class for their part. This may assist pupils to take part and besides curtail the possibility of one individual making all the work on the group. These schemes are of import because some pupils may make non desire to portion their work with others.Raman and Ryan ( 2005 ) states that a scaling policy is of import when utilizing engineering to make cognition and promote pupils to take part. Therefore, web 2.0 engineering requires new schemes for measuring pupils. Using web 2.0 besides require a alteration in function of instructors from authorization to steer and ease acquisition. Teachers need to travel from the conventional instruction methods to methods that engage pupils in activities that create new cognition. The function of pupils have to alter from being a inactive dependant scholar to an active and independent scholar. With the web 2.0 engineering, pupils need to be active in making and sharing content with collaborative accomplishments instead than devouring information. They have to take duty for their work and reflect on their acquisition every bit good as assist each other to develop their acquisition by sharing their cognition. Deci and Ryan ( 2002 ) province that to heighten the fulfilment of liberty in scholars, it is of import to give them chances for pick, executing personal ends, values and inspiration. Implementing such attack is non easy. This is because instruction system is capable to many external force per unit areas and they are non able to fulfill the demands of pupils. The instance surveies demonstrate that Webs 2.0 have great potency for back uping acquisition. In peculiar, web 2.0 provides the chance for making and sharing cognition. It besides allows users to prosecute in conversation and support each other. web 2.0 besides support personalization. Social package applications can be used as a tool for sharing cognition and personal learning.For illustration, web logs can be used as an single home page for hive awaying personal resources and societal activities. However, despite many benefits of web 2.0 engineerings in instruction, the instance surveies indicate that a figure of instructors failed to ease active interaction among students.Pelgrum ( 2003 ) argue that a assortment of alterations must be implemented to optimise instructors use of information communicating engineering: alterations in teaching method, redesigning the appraisal, supplying chance for liberty, supplying instructors with sufficient support, supplying equal clip for instructors to develop new accomplishments and research the integrating of ICT into their instruction patterns, supplying formal and informal communities of pattern and equal webs. However, implementing web 2.0 engineerings depends on following conditions: Web 2.0 functionality, their fittingness for peculiar activities – tantrum for the purpose- and the users ‘ cognition of the tools used. ( B ) the beliefs and attitudes toward web 2.0 engineerings ( C ) The users ‘ cognition and accomplishments in making and sharing cognition ( D ) supplying support and appropriate guidelines for utilizing web 2.0 engineerings and the function of instructors and their abilities to promote pupils to make and portion their cognition. ( E ) A civilization of openness ( A ) Web 2.0 Functionality The university of Wolverhampton implemented the web 2.0 engineering in larning resource Centre to maintain pupils and academic staff up to day of the month with electronic resources every bit good as portion their thoughts together through web log engineering.One of the chief findings in the rating of the web 2.0 engineering harmonizing to Jo Alcock, Wolverhampton ‘s Learning resource Librarian, was the deficiency of consciousness and uncertainness about utilizing web 2.0 engineering. He says that †there is a demand for protagonism of the benefits † . He states that one of the barriers in utilizing web 2.0 is the opposition to alter, peculiarly among senior directors. Furthermore, he explains that implementing web 2.0 require a alteration in our civilization. Web 2.0 engineerings require a great clip to research the potency of web 2.0 in advancing instruction and acquisition. Pelgrum ( 2003 ) states that equal clip are needed for instructors to develop new accomplis hments. The motive of instructors to pass clip beyond the call of responsibility is of import in utilizing engineering. Teachers have of import function to make activities to acquire pupils think about benefits of web 2.0 engineering. A figure of surveies indicate that there is correlativity between sensed easiness of usage A ; percieved utility and usage of engineering ( eg Davis 1989 ) . Therefore, if instructors perceive that web 2.0 engineerings are good for advancing pupils ‘ acquisition, they are likely to utilize them in their schoolroom. Furthermore, the University of Warwick found that some pupils used the web log for societal activity while others used it for academic authorship. The pupils used the web log in different ways to run into their demands. Therefore, web 2.0 support diverse demands of personal acquisition. This different utilizations of web logs supports the possible benefits of utilizing web logs as a tool for personal acquisition. ( B ) Beliefs and attitudes Brown and Adle ( 2008 ) argue that web 2.0 engineering requires a displacement in attitude towards cognition building and acquisition among the university faculty.There are some factors, which might promote and actuate instructors: providing resources for instructors to utilize the tools, take parting on a regular basis in professional interaction and activities and back uping societal package activities. Harmonizing to societal cognitive theory ( Bandura, 2001 ) , the encouragement and positive feedback from others can act upon the person ‘s belief refering the ability to success on specific undertakings. Furthermore, he states that anterior experience is a cardinal factor in utilizing technology.Teachers who knows little about utilizing societal package applications unlikely to utilize them. On the other manus, instructors who have experience in utilizing the tools are likely to utilize them. ( C ) Skills and cognition The instance surveies indicate that participants ‘ cognition and accomplishments are of import in the success of collaborative activities facilitated by web 2.0. Dillenbourg ( 1999 ) identified four attacks which can increase interaction among scholars. First, he argues that planing an appropriate status is of import to develop interaction among scholars, and every state of affairs requires different status. For illustration, ‘should the instructor organise pupils into groups or allow pupils themselves get into groups ‘ depend on different state of affairs and careful programs. Second, in a collaborative acquisition, it is of import for instructors to put up regulations for interaction for illustration ‘everybody in the group should give his or her sentiment ‘ . Third, instructors need to supervise the interaction between pupils and supply remarks, Fourth, the instructors need to specify a clear specification of functions within coaction activities. Alth ough the regulations and conditions are of import in order to develop interaction among scholars, single members of groups should larn and understand the demand of working in a group in order to finish their undertakings. Five hundred Culture of openness The success of web 2.0 engineering in instruction requires profound alterations in civilization and above all the purpose of instruction. Implementing web 2.0 engineerings besides depends on coaction and showing our thoughts freely without control. This besides requires societal encouragements and a civilization of working openly that has strategic benefits in instruction and acquisition. Decision This survey uses the illustrations of wiki and web log engineering to understand how it could be used to ease acquisition among pupils. Specifically, I study a figure of instances to understand how web 2.0 schemes can be used to back up larning in academic scenes. .The initial findings suggest that web 2.0 engineering support coaction and sharing cognition. However, implementing web 2.0 engineerings in instruction demand ( a ) careful analysis of user demands for web 2.0 engineering, ( B ) buttocks what teachers do, why do, and how they do it, ( C ) assess what instructors want to accomplish and ( D ) assess how they may be able to accomplish their aims utilizing web 2.0 engineering. Therefore, utilizing web 2.0 engineerings requires conditions: new signifiers of teaching method in instruction and acquisition, promoting coaction, consistently measuring pupils ‘ demands and activities. A figure of surveies have reported that some instructors encountered with many jobs in incorpo rating web 2.0 engineerings in their instruction and acquisition. These jobs include minimum communicating, hapless quality contemplation on the class stuffs and so on. In reexamining many failed reform attempts in instruction, fullan ( 1993 ) concluded that the hardest job is to construct successful coaction among instructors, pupils and other professionals. How to cite Use Of Web Technologies In Education Education Essay, Essay examples

Tim Burton Analytical free essay sample

The dark lighting showed Edwards loneliness, however, the bright lighting of the town and Pegs house showed how he was able to create a relationship with the towns people, which he was unable to do previously in the tower. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Wonka did not have a good relationship with his father, so the flashbacks of his childhood are in a darker light. The dark lighting in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands stresses the importance of relationships. In accordance with dark lighting, Burton also uses contrasting sets exemplify the mportance of relationships. In Big Fish, when Edward Bloom unexpectedly arrives in Spectre for the first time, the town is green and lush with vegetation, and the townspeople are happy and worry free. While he was in Spectre, he promised a little girl he would return. However when he returned after many years, the town was barren and businesses were closed. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton Analytical or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This contrasting set shows he was not there for the town when they needed him; therefore the town was barren when he returned for the second time. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Wonka creates an amazing hocolate factory to substitute the happiness of having a good relationship with his father. Contrastingly, Charlies house may not be as extravagant as the factory, but Charlie has a loving family. The opposing sets between the factory and Charlies home shows the importance of relationships. In Big Fish and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, contrasting sets show the importance of relationships Moreover, the use of close ups exemplifies the importance of relationships. In Big Fish, when Edward Bloom is lying in the hospital bed, and Will Bloom, Edwards son, inished the story of his fathers fantasy death, there is a close up of Wills face. Will knows his father is going to die and that all of the tall tales that his father told were true. The close up shows that if Will had trusted his father, they would have a better relationship. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, whenever the conversation of parents began, Wonka would act uncomfortable. From afar the viewer does not see the sadness, but the close up shows the sadness in his eyes. Wonka is sad he does not have a good relationship with his father, therefore the close up shows that elationships are important. In Big Fish and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the close ups of the characters show the importance of relationships. Burton has a passion for making movies, and he puts all of his effort into creating extravagant sets and costumes in his movies. As seen in Big Fish, Edward Scissorhands, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Burton creates personal messages to convey his inner feelings. In these movies, Tim Burton utilizes dark lighting, contrasting sets, and close ups to epitomize the importance the importance of relationships.

A Public Presentation Observation-Experience IISP A Choice Essays

A Public Presentation Observation-Experience IISP A Choice Essays A Public Presentation Observation-Experience IISP A Choice One of the best ways Students will engage in communication interactions with significant people in their lives. One of the best ways to learn public speaking other than actually doing it is to observe other speakers in action and analyze what factors contributed to the strengths or weaknesses of their presentations. For this assignment you will observe a public presentation of your choice, identify the strengths and weaknesses, and make recommendations for improvement. Communication observation of conversation, small group, public speakingIISP. This communication observation will include a written outline-report of it just follow the instructions given to critique this event. Start by going to the ToastMasters website to find locations and times of meeting: (toastmasters.org/find/default.asp). For this Toastmasters experience. 1. Write a 2-4 page outline-report of your experience. Be sure to include information on delivery style and your view as a listening audience member: a. What did the speaker(s) do to gain and maintain audience attention? b. What could have been improved upon? 2. Consider the meeting in terms of IISP communication. Address any of the following that you judge appropriate to include: 1. What formal and informal communication structures were in place? 2. What examples did you notice of the two models of IDTC and OPTRC? 3. What principles and skills learned in class could you identify and relate with? 4. What team dynamics were present? Was a strong leadership present (think fire)? 5. What specific roles did you notice, whether assigned or unassigned? 6. Did you note a specific network of communication? Be specific. 7. What role did professionalism play within the group/specific meeting you attended? 8. Were you welcomed? Were you made to feel comfortable? Did you fit? 9. Do you feel you would be comfortable or a fit as a member of this group? Why/why not? 3. You may find the categories in the Speaking Checklist-Evaluation form useful for this assignment to help guide your critical analysis and personal evaluation. Be alert to what you might observe and identify as strengths and weaknesses. What recommendations for improvement would you make? What did you think of the experience? Were you made to feel comfortable? Would you return? Consider joining? Why/why not? As a Team: One outline - PPT: If you choose to do this assignment as a team, you will present one outline-report-paper for the team that will serve as the basis for a 7-10 minute PPT presentation on your visit to ToastMasters. Both will have an introduction, development with transitions, and a conclusion. For example, your first PPT slide could be the introduction and the last slide could be your conclusion with the report-support in between. A Public IISP Presentation Observation of your choice with a written evaluation of it following the instructions to be given to critique this event. What you will be alert to is 1.Intrapersonal Communication within yourselves and others (see wheels turning) 2.Interpersonal Communication one on one with others present, work the room dynamics 3.Small Group Communication informal, around tables 4.Public Speaking Communication formal speeches, short and featured Note: You will engage in communication interactions with significant people now and for the rest of your lives. Since one of the best ways to learn communication skills whether in conversation, small groups, or public speaking other than actually doing it is to observe other speaker-communicators in action and analyze what factors contributed to the strengths or weaknesses of their interactions and presentations, we present to you just such an opportunity. You will: 1. Observe by attending, 2. Experience by participating, and 3. Evaluate by identifying strengths and weaknesses and making recommendations for improvement. The Toastmasters club is an organization known throughout the nation which gives its members the chance to develop and improve their public speaking abilities and leadership skills. Toastmasters members gather in a friendly and comfortable environment where they can learn and practice these skills to try and become better communicators (Toastmasters International, 2011). To get a flavor of how the meeting may go, some positions you will observe in a typical meeting: Toastmaster the facilitator who makes sure the meeting stay on time and follows the agenda. Ah-Counter who counts the filler words such as; Ah, Um, Ya know, etc. Grammarian contributes to improvement of speech and provides examples of eloquence. Timer notifies speaker of the time

Profile of Child Killer Susan Smith

Profile of Child Killer Susan Smith Susan Vaughan Smith of Union, S.C. was convicted on July 22, 1995, and sentenced to life in prison for murdering her two sons, Michael Daniel Smith, 3, and 14-month-old Alexander Tyler Smith. Susan Smith - Her Childhood Years Susan Smith was born on September 26, 1971, in Union, South Carolina, to parents Linda and Harry Vaughan. She was the youngest of three children and the couples only daughter. Her parents divorced when Susan was seven and five weeks later Harry, age 37, committed suicide. Her parents tumultuous marriage and the death of her father left Susan a sad, empty and oddly distant child. Within weeks of the Vaughans divorce, Linda married Beverly (Bev) Russell, a successful local businessman. Linda and the children moved from their small modest home into Bevs house located in an exclusive subdivision of Union. Friendliest Female As a teen, Susan was a good student, well-liked and outgoing. In her junior year, she was voted president of the Junior Civitan Club, a club which focused on volunteering in the community. In her final year of high school, she received the Friendliest Female award and was known for her cheerful and fun disposition. Family Secrets Exposed But during those years of enjoying her popularity and positions of leadership, Susan was harboring a family secret. At the age of 16. her stepfather turned from caretaker to molester. Susan reported the inappropriate behavior to her mother and to the Department of Social Services and Bev moved out from the home temporarily. Nothing of any consequence resulted from Susans report and after a few family counseling sessions, Bev returned home. Susan was chastised by her family for making the sexual abuse a public affair and Linda appeared more concerned that the family would be subjected to public embarrassment than protecting her daughter. Unfortunately for Susan, with Bev back in the house, the sexual molestation continued. In her senior year of high school, Susan turned to a school counselor for help. The Department of Social Service was contacted again, but Susan refused to press charges and the matter was swiftly swept under the proverbial carpet of lawyers agreements and sealed records which protected Bev and the family from the feared public humiliation. Rejection and an Attempted Suicide During the summer of 1988, Susan got a job at the local Winn-Dixie grocery store and moved quickly up the ranks from cashier to bookkeeper. In her senior year at high school, she was sexually active with three men - a married older man who worked at the store, a younger co-worker and with Bev. Susan became pregnant and had an abortion. The married man ended their relationship and her reaction to the breakup was to attempt suicide by taking aspirin and Tylenol. While being treated in the hospital she admitted to having tried a similar suicide attempt when she was 13-years-old. David Smith At work, another relationship was beginning to form with the co-worker and high school friend David Smith. David ended his engagement with another woman and started dating Susan. The two decided to marry when Susan discovered she was pregnant. Susan and David Smith married on March 15, 1991, and moved into Davids great-grandmothers house. Davids parents were suffering the recent loss of another son who died from Crohns disease just 11 days before Susan and David married. By May 1991, the strain of the loss of a son proved to be too much for Davids parents. His father attempted suicide and his mother left and moved to another city. This kind of family drama fit right into what Susan was used to and the young couple, both very needy, spent the early months of their marriage comforting one another. Michael Daniel Smith On October 10, 1991, the Smiths first son, Michael, was born. David and Susan showered the child with love and attention. But having a child could not help the differences in the newlyweds backgrounds which began to put a strain on their relationship. Susan was more materialistic than David and often turned to her mother for financial help. David found Linda to be intrusive and controlling and resented Susan always doing what Linda wanted her to do, especially when it came to raising Michael. First Separation By March 1992, the Smiths were separated and over the next seven months, they tried on and off to mend the marriage. During the breakups, Susan dated a former boyfriend from work which did not help matters. In November 1992, Susan announced she was pregnant again which seemed to bring David and her into clearer focus and the two reunited. The couple borrowed money from Susans mother for a down payment on a house, believing having their own home would fix their troubles. But over the next nine months, Susan became more distant and complained continuously about being pregnant. In June 1993, David felt lonely and isolated in his marriage and began a relationship with a co-worker. After the birth of their second child, Alexander Tyler, on August 5, 1993, David and Susan reunited, but within three weeks David had once again moved out and the two decided the relationship was over. Regardless of their broken marriage, both David and Susan were good, attentive and caring parents who seemed to enjoy the children. Tom Findlay Susan, not wanting to work in the same place as David, took a job as a bookkeeper at the largest employer in the area, Conso Products. She was eventually promoted to the executive secretary position for the president and CEO of Conso, J. Carey Findlay. For Union, S.C. this was a prestigious position which exposed Susan to wealthy people with extravagant lifestyles. It also gave her the opportunity to get closer to one of Unions most eligible bachelors, the son of her boss, Tom Findlay. In January 1994 Susan and Tom Findlay began casually dating, but by spring she and David were back together. The reconciliation only lasted a few months and Susan told David she wanted a divorce. In September she was dating Tom Findlay again and planning their future together in her mind. Tom, in the meantime, was trying to figure out how to end it with Susan. Nice Girls Dont Sleep With Married Men On October 17, 1994, just days before David and Susans divorce papers were filed, Tom Findlay sent a Dear John letter to Susan. His reasons for wanting to end their relationship included the differences in their backgrounds. He was also emphatic about not wanting children or wanting to raise her children. He encouraged Susan to act with more  self-respect and referred to an episode when Susan and a friends husband were kissing each other in a hot tub during a party at Toms fathers estate. Findlay wrote, If you want to catch a nice guy like me one day, you have to act like a nice girl. And you know, nice girls dont sleep with married men. Narcissistic Delusions Susan was devastated when she read the letter, but she was also living out delusional dreams which in reality were a combination of grotesque lies, deceit,  lust, and narcissism. On one  hand, she was deeply depressed that Tom ended their  relationship but unknown to him, she was still sexually involved with David and her stepfather, Bev Russell, and had allegedly had a sexual affair with her boss who was Toms father. In an attempt to get Toms sympathy and attention, Susan confessed to him about her ongoing sexual relationship with Bev. When that didnt work, she told him of her alleged affair with his father and warned him that the details of the relationship might come out during her divorce with David. Toms reaction was one of shock and he reiterated that the two of them would never again have a sexual relationship. Any hopes to maneuver her way back into Toms life had now been permanently severed. Obsessions On October 25, 1994, Susan Smith spent the day  obsessing  over the breakup with Tom Findlay. As the day progressed she became increasingly upset and asked to leave work early. After picking up her children from daycare, she stopped to talk to a friend in a parking lot and expressed her fears over Toms reaction to her sleeping with his father. In a last-ditch effort to sway Toms feelings, she asked her friend to watch the children while she went to Toms office to tell him the story was a lie. According to her friend, Tom did not appear happy to see Susan and quickly got her out of his office. Later that evening she phoned her friend who she knew was having dinner with Tom and friends. Susan wanted to know if Tom had said anything about her, but he had not. The Murder of Michael and Alex Smith At around 8 p.m. Susan put her barefooted sons in the car, strapped them in their car seats and began driving around. In her  confession, she stated that she wanted to die and was headed to her mothers house, but decided against it.  Instead, she drove to John D. Long Lake and drove onto a ramp, got out of the car, put the car in drive, released the brake and watched as her car, with her children sleeping in the back seat, plunged into the lake. The car drifted out  then slowly sank. Nine Days of Deceit Susan Smith ran to a nearby home and hysterically knocked on the door. She told the homeowners, Shirley and Rick McCloud, that a black man had taken her car and her two boys. She described how she had stopped at a red light at Monarch  Mills when a man with a gun jumped into her car and told her to drive. She drove around some, and then he told her to stop and get out of the car. At that point, he told her he wouldnt hurt the kids and then drove off with the boys who she could hear were crying out for her. For nine days Susan Smith stuck the story of  being abducted. Friends and family surrounded her in support and David had returned to his wifes side as the search for their children intensified. The national media showed up in Union as the tragic story of the boys abduction circulated. Susan, with her  face, spotted with tears, and David looking distraught and desperate, made a public plea for the safe return of their sons. In the meantime, Susans story was beginning to unravel. Unraveling the Truth Sheriff Howard Wells, the lead investigator on the case, had David and Susan polygraphed. David passed, but Susans results were inconclusive. Throughout the nine days of the  investigation, Susan was given numerous  polygraphs  and questioned about the inconsistencies in her carjacking story. One of the biggest clues that led the authorities to believe Susan was lying was her story about stopping at a red light on Monarch Mills Road. She stated that she saw no other cars on the road, yet the light turned red. The light on Monarch Mills was always green and only turned red if it was triggered by a car on the cross street. Since she said that there were no other cars on the road, there was no reason for her to come up to a red light. Leaks to the press about discrepancies in Susans story resulted in accusatory questions by reporters. Also, people around her noticed her displaying questionable behavior for a mother whose children were missing. She seemed overly concerned with how she looked in front of the television cameras and at times asked about the whereabouts of Tom Findlay. She also had dramatic moments of deep  sobbing but would be dried eyed and  tearless. Susan Smith Confesses On November 3, 1994, David and Susan appeared on CBS This Morning and David voiced his full support of Susan and her story about the abduction. After the interview, Susan met with Sheriff Wells for another  interrogation. This time, however, Wells was direct and told her that he did not believe her story about the carjacking. He explained to her about the light on Monarch Mills staying green and discrepancies in other adaptations she had made to her story during the past nine days. Exhausted and emotionally badgered, Susan asked Wells to pray with her then  afterward  she began crying and telling how ashamed she felt for what she had done. Her confession to pushing the car into the lake began to spill out. She said she had wanted to kill herself and her children, but in the end, she got out of the car and sent her boys to their deaths. A Small Hand Against the Window Before breaking the news of Susans confession, Wells wanted to locate the bodies of the boys. A previous search of the lake had failed to turn up Susans car, but after her confession, she gave police the exact distance the car had floated out before it sank. Divers found the car turned upside down, with the children dangling from their car seats. One diver described that he saw the small hand of one of the children pressed against a window. Also found in the car was the Dear John letter Ton Findlay had written. An autopsy of the children proved that both  boys were still alive  when their tiny heads were submerged under water. Who is Susan Smith Really? Incredibly, Susan reached out to David in a letter filled with, Im sorry, then complained that her feelings were being overshadowed by everyones grief. Stunned, David questioned who Susan really was and felt a brief moment of sympathy for her confused and demented state of mind. But it did not take long for the sympathy to turn to horror as more  facts about the murders  of his sons surfaced. He had assumed Susan had shown mercy by killing the boys prior to pushing the car into the lake, but after finding out the truth he was haunted by images of his sons last moments, in the dark, scared, alone and drowning to death. When he discovered Susan had supplied the police with the exact location of the car and that the car lights had been on when she lifted the break, he knew she had stayed and watched the car sinking, motivated by her desires to rebuild her relationship with the wealthy Tom Findlay. The Trial During the trial, Susans defense lawyers relied heavily on Susans littered childhood of tragedy and sexual abuse which manifested itself into a lifetime of untreated depression and suicidal thoughts. They explained that her abnormal need to depend on others for happiness led to the multiple sexual relationships she was involved in during her life. The bottom line was that Susan, as outwardly normal as she might have appeared, was in truth hiding a deep-seated mental illness. The prosecution showed the jury a more devious and manipulative side of Susan Smith whose only concern was her own desires. Her children had become a major handicap in Susans ability to get what she wanted. By killing them she would not only get the sympathy of her former lover Tom Findlay but with the children gone, it was one less reason for him to end their relationship. Susan Smith was unresponsive  during her trial  except when her sons were mentioned which sometimes led to her sobbing and shaking her head as if in disbelief that the boys were dead. The Verdict and Sentence It took the jury two-and-a-half hours to return a verdict of guilty of two counts of murder.  Despite Davids protests, Susan Smith was spared the death sentence and  received a sentence  of 30 years to life in prison. She will be eligible for parole in 2025 when she is 53 years old. David has sworn to attend every parole hearing to try to keep Susan Smith in jail for life. Aftermath Since her incarceration at South Carolinas Leath Correctional Institution, two guards have been punished for having sex with Smith. Her sexual activity in prison was discovered after she developed a sexually transmitted disease. Michael and Alex Smith Michael and Alex Smith were buried together in the same casket in the Bogansville United Methodist Church cemetery on November 6, 1994, next to the grave of Davids brother and the childrens uncle, Danny Smith. The Dear John Letter This is the Dear John letter that John Findlay gave to Susan  October. 17, 1994. Many believe it is what motivated Susan Smith to kill her children. (Note: This is how the original letter was written. Corrections have not been made.) Dear Susan, I hope you dont mind, but I think clearer when I am typing, so this letter is being written on my computer. This is a difficult letter for me to write because I know how much you think of me. And I want you to know that I am flattered that you have such a high opinion of me.  Susan, I value our friendship very much. You are one of the few people on this earth that I feel I can tell anything. You are intelligent, beautiful, sensitive, understanding, and possess many other wonderful qualities that I and many other men appreciate. You will, without a doubt, make some lucky man a great wife. But unfortunately, it wont be me. Even though you think we have much in common, we are vastly different. We have been raised in two totally different environments, and therefore, think totally different. Thats not to say that I was raised better than you or vice versa, it just means that we come from two different backgrounds. When I started dating Laura, I knew our backgrounds were going to be a problem. Right before I graduated from Auburn University in 1990, I broke up with a girl (Alison) that I had been dating for over two years. I loved Alison very much and we were very compatible. Unfortunately, we wanted different things out of life. She wanted to get married and have children before the age of 28, and I did not. This conflict spurred our breakup, but we have remained friends through the years. After Alison, I was very hurt. I decided not to fall for anyone again until I was ready to make a long commitment. For my first two years in Union, I dated very little. In fact, I can count the number of dates I had on one hand. But then Laura came along. We met at Conso, and I fell for her like a ton of bricks. Things were great at first and remained good for along  [sic] time, but I knew deep in my heart that she was not the one for me. People tell me that when you find the person that you will want to spend the rest of your life with ... you will know it. Well, even though I fell  enlove  Ã‚  [sic]  with Laura, I had my doubts about a long and lasting commitment, but I never said anything, and I eventually hurt her very, very deeply. I wont do that again. Susan, I could really fall for you. You have so many endearing qualities about you, and I think that you are a terrific person. But like I have told you before, there are some things about you that arent suited for me, and yes, I am speaking about your children. Im sure that your kids are good kids, but it really wouldnt matter how good they may be ... the fact is, I just dont want children. These feelings may change one day, but I doubt it. With all of the crazy, mixed-up things that take place in this world today, I just dont have the desire to bring another life into it. And I dont want to be responsible for anyone  elses  [sic] children, either. But I am very thankful that there are people like you who are not so selfish as I am, and dont mind bearing the responsibility of children. If everyone thought the way that I do, our species would eventually become extinct. But our differences go far beyond the children issue. We are just two totally different people, and eventually, those differences would cause us to break-up. Because I know myself so well, I am sure of this. But dont be discouraged. There is someone out there for you. In fact, its probably someone that you may not know at this time or that you may know, but would never expect. Either way, before you settle down with anyone again, there is something you need to do. Susan, because you got pregnant and married at such an early age, you missed out on much of your youth. I mean, one minute you were a kid, and the next minute  you were having kids. Because I come from a place where everyone had the desire and the money to go to college, having the responsibility of children at such a young age is beyond my comprehension. Anyhow, my advice to you is to wait and be very choosy about your next relationship. I can see this may be a bit difficult for you because you are a bit boy crazy, but as the proverb states good things come to those who wait. I am not saying you shouldnt go out and have a good time. In fact, I think you should do just that ... have a good time and capture some of that youth that you missed out on. But just dont get seriously involved with anyone until you have done the things in life that you want to do, first. Then the rest will fall in place. Susan, I am not mad at you about what happened this weekend. Actually, I am very thankful. As I told you, I was starting to let my heart warm up to the idea of us going out as more than just friends. But seeing you kiss another man put things back into perspective. I remembered how I hurt Laura, and I wont let that happen again; and therefore, I cant let myself get close to you. We will always be friends, but our relationship will never go beyond that of friendship. And as for your relationship with B. Brown, of course you have to make your own decisions in life, but remember ... you have to live with the consequences also. Everyone is held accountable for their actions, and I would hate for people to perceive you as an unreputable person. If you want to catch a nice guy like me one day, you have to act like a nice girl. And you know, nice girls dont sleep with married men. Besides, I want you to feel good about yourself, and I am afraid that if you sleep with B. Brown or any other m arried man for that matter, you will lose your self-respect. I know I did when we were messing around earlier this year. So please, think about your actions before you do anything you will regret. I care for you, but also care for Susan Brown and I would hate to see anyone get hurt. Susan may say that she wouldnt care (copy unintelligible) husband had an affair, but you and I know, that is not true. Anyhow, as I have already told you, you are a very special person. And dont let anyone tell you or make you feel any different. I see so much potential in you, but only you can make it happen. Dont settle for mediocre in life, go for it all and only settle for the best ... I do. I havent told you this, but I am extremely proud of you for going to school. I am a firm believer in higher education, and once you obtain a degree from college, there is not stopping you. And dont let these idiot boys from Union make you feel like you are not capable or slow you down. After you graduate, you will be able to go anywhere you want in this world. And if you ever wanted to get a good job in Charlotte, my father is the right person to know. He and Koni know everyone who is anyone in the business world in Charlotte. And if I can ever help you with anything, dont hesitate to ask. Well, this letter must come to an end. It is 11:50 p.m. and I am getting very sleepy. But I wanted to write you this letter because you are the one who is always making the effort for me, and I wanted to return the friendship. Ive appreciated it when you have dropped me nice little notes, or cards, or the present at Christmas, and it is about time that I start putting a little effort into our friendship. Which reminds me, I thought long and hard about getting you something for your birthday, but I decided not to because I wasnt sure what you might think. Now I am sorry I didnt get you anything, so you can expect something from me at Christmas. But do not buy me anything for Christmas. All I want from you is a nice, sweet card ... Ill cherish that more than any store (copy illegible) present. Again, you will always have my friendship. And your friendship is one that I will always look upon with sincere affection. Tom p.s. Its late, so please dont count off for spelling or grammar. Source: Court Document